ISRAEL HISTORY

Ancient Biblical city ‘destroyed by earthquake 1,400 years ago’ found intact underwater
https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/667479/Underwater-city-Roman-Bible-Corinth-Corinthians-Greece-intact-discovery-video
Dec 18, 2017 | 1  |     
Ancient Biblical city ‘destroyed by earthquake 1,400 years ago’ found intact underwater
Archaeologists have uncovered “mind-blowing” architecture almost perfectly intact from the ancient Biblical city of Corinth – despite being wiped out by a devastating earthquake 1,400 years ago.  The Greek city, which was rebuilt in 44BC by Roman Emperor Julius Caesar, holds major significance for Christians. Jesus’s disciple Paul is said to have visited there and wrote two letters about his time in Corinth – featured in the New Testament. Just days ago, another group of archaeologists in Italy were
amazed to discover the historic resort of Baiae in perfect condition. And new underwater excavations of Corinth’s harbor at the port of Lechaion have discovered wooden foundations preserved so well that they look new. Roman artifacts including fishing lines and hooks, wooden pulleys and ceramics from Tunisia and Turkey were also found. Experts also think they have found an ancient lighthouse – depicted on coins from that time – and another monument. 
READ MORE https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/667479/Underwater-city-Roman-Bible-Corinth-Corinthians-Greece-intact-discovery-video

The Greek city, which was rebuilt in 44BC by Roman Emperor Julius Caesar, holds major significance for Christians.
VIDEO
Jesus’s disciple Paul is said to have visited there and wrote two letters about his time in Corinth – featured in the New Testament.

Just days ago, another group of archaeologists in Italy were amazed to discover the historic resort of Baiae in perfect condition.

And new underwater excavations of Corinth's harbour at the port of Lechaion have discovered wooden foundations preserved so well that they look new.

Roman artefacts including fishing lines and hooks, wooden pulleys and ceramics from Tunisia and Turkey were also found.

Experts also think they have found an ancient lighthouse – depicted on coins from that time – and another monument.

Incredible underwater cities
 
The idea that an entire city could just vanish beneath the waves is a terrifying thought – and while these lost underwater cities aren’t the mythical Atlantis, that’s exactly what happened to them.
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The city hidden 130 feet underwater, was once Shi Cheng in ChinaCEN
The city hidden 130 feet underwater, was once Shi Cheng in China
The Roman cityYOUTUBE/LEICHAIONHARBOURPROJECT
HISTORIC: Ancient ruins from Corinth have been found perfectly intact
Satellite reveals ancient haunted city in the middle of the ocean
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The giant earthquake that hit the region caused huge layers of sediment to cover the artefacts and allowed them to barely be touched by decay, despite their age.

Bjørn Lovén, director of the Leichaion Harbour Project (LHP) which is responsible for the excavations, said: “For almost two decades I have been hunting for the perfect archaeological context where all the organic material normally not found on land is preserved.

“The potential for more unique discoveries is mind-blowing.”

Corinth officials built the harbour towns of Lechaion and Kenchreai to take advantage of its two-mile distance from the sea in Greece.

The diversYOUTUBE/CARLSBERGFONDET
BIZARRE: The city was destroyed over 1,400 years ago by a giant earthquake
Incredible images show ancient Roman city under the sea
 
Ancient Roman city lost for centuries below the sea found perfectly intact.
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Baiae was an ancient resort on the west coast of Italy that largely disappeared beneath the waves 1,700 years agoCREDIT: PEN NEWS/ANTONIO BUSIELL
Baiae was an ancient resort on the west coast of Italy that largely disappeared beneath the waves 1,700 years ago
The pair of harbours connected the ancient city to a host of Mediterranean trade networks and helped it become one of the most powerful and wealthy cities in the region.

The project also found vast blocks weighing up to five-tons, which were used to separate basins within the port.

Boffins hope to use the research to find out just how much Lechaion changed at different time periods throughout history.

WATCH: What did British General Allenby have to do with the story of Chanukah?
December 11, 2017
Author Lenny Ben-David discusses the topic of his book, American interests in the Holy Land 1840-1940, with WIN reporter Steve Leibowitz. He also tells a little-known story about British General Edmund Allenby and his connection to the story of Chanukah.
AllenbyChanukahLenny Ben-David
WATCH: What did British General Allenby have to do with the story of Chanukah?

World Israel News
Published on 11 Dec 2017
Author Lenny Ben-David discusses the topic of his book, American interests in the Holy Land 1840-1940, with WIN reporter Steve Leibowitz. He also tells a little-known story about British General Edmund Allenby and his connection to the story of Chanukah.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=29&v=_S5ypSqcCLU
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Israel marks 100th anniversary of Allenby’s liberation of Jerusalem
December 11, 2017
Israel marks 100th anniversary of Allenby’s liberation of JerusalemReenactment of General Allenby’s entrance to Jerusalem though the Old City's Jaffa Gate. (Hadas Parush/Flash90)
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Relatives of  the  British commanders were at David’s Citadel on Monday to commemorate December 11, 1917, the date when General Allenby arrived at Jaffa Gate and declared that Jerusalem had been liberated after 400 years of Ottoman rule.
By Steve Leibowitz, World Israel News

Throughout the history of Jerusalem there have been great historic moments. One of the most dramatic and legendary events was  General Edmund Allenby leading his forces to liberate the ancient biblical city from the Ottoman Empire during World War I. On the afternoon of December 11, 1917,  Allenby entered the Old City by foot, walking from Jaffa Gate to the Tower of David Citadel. There he claimed the keys to the city for the British Empire.

Jews celebrated the British arrival, calling it a “Chanukah Miracle,” while Christians termed the event “A Christmas Present.”  Some 400 years of Ottoman Muslim rule had come to an end and the brief 40-year period of the British Mandate in Palestine had begun.

To mark the moment, the Tower of David Museum on Monday staged a reenactment of Allenby’s walk. Relatives of the commanding British generals Allenby and Major General John Shea attended the event. On the steps of the Tower of David, Mayor Nir Barkat welcomed Viscount Allenby of Megiddo and Felixstowe; Sara Viscountess Allenby; and the great-grandson of General Shea, Mr. John Benson.

Speaking from the same steps where Allenby had stood, outside David’s Citadel, Barkat told an international audience of approximately 1,000: “Allenby was a great military man as well as a distinguished thinker who understood the city of Jerusalem and its role in the world and that the city has unique properties as a uniting force for the entire world open and open to all peoples.”

In his proclamation, read to the city’s residents, General Allenby recognized the importance and uniqueness of Jerusalem and called upon the city’s residents to continue living their lives as usual and to enjoy freedom of worship, religion, and tradition under the patronage of the new government.

Representatives of different communities in the Old City were on hand on Monday to hear the same proclamation General Allenby had made when declaring the liberation of the city. The words were read aloud in English, French, Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, Greek and Italian. This was the first time in modern history that the Hebrew language received international recognition.

The English version reads: “Lest any of you should be alarmed by reason of your experiences at the hands of the enemy who has retired, I hereby inform you that it is my desire that every person should pursue his lawful business without fear of interruption… Therefore do I make known to you that every sacred building, monument, holy spot, shrine, traditional site, endowment, pious bequest of customary place of prayer, of whatsoever form of the three religions, will be maintained and protected according to the existing customs and beliefs of those to whose faiths they are sacred.”

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was out of the country, but his message was read out to the audience: “Today we recognize the commander who led the British army to the Land of Israel and to the gates of Jerusalem. We honor the fallen among the English, Australian and New Zealand soldiers as well as the Jewish soldiers who fought in the Jewish Brigade. They were part of an historic mission. We remember them and will appreciate their contribution forever.”

Jews constituted a majority in Jerusalem
Author Lenny Ben-David is currently writing a book on the period, titled World War I in the Holy Land Revealed in Early Photographs. The book contains chapters on General Allenby and the battles for Beersheba, Jerusalem and Damascus. It also includes stories about American ships that saved Jews, and spies in the Holy Land including prominent Zionists. Ben-David told World Israel News (WIN), “This year marks the centenary of a fierce World War I battle that not only saved Jerusalem from physical destruction, but rescued its entire Jewish population from squalor, starvation, plague, exile and death. In the scope of Jewish history, the liberation of Jerusalem in December 1917 ranks with the salvation holidays of Chanukah and Purim.”

Ben-David said, “Jews, who already then constituted a majority in modern Jerusalem, were especially hard hit as Jewish men were rounded up and sent to the front lines. Across Palestine, the Turks ruled with cruelty. All suffered, but especially Jews and Armenian Christians. Since Russia was part of the alliance against Germany and the Ottoman empire, Jews of Russian origin were viewed as a potential fifth column.”

The late ?emdah Ben Yehuda, a journalist and the wife of pioneering Hebrew scholar Eliezer Ben-Yehudah, the driving force behind the revival of the Hebrew language in the modern era, had provided an eyewitness account of the period, writing, “The [Turkish] military commander Hassan Bey knew no limits to . . . wickedness. The [Turks] began by a systematic persecution of the Jews. They arrested the Hebrews; cross-questioned them; accused them of concealing arms, of evading military service, of belonging to secret societies, and of working in opposition to the government. After being


After capturing Beersheba in October 1917, the British forces, supplemented by fighters from Australia and New Zealand, turned toward Jerusalem.  The Turks were coming under increasing pressure from the British expeditionary force led by Allenby. Having repulsed the attempted Ottoman invasion of Egypt, Allenby was moving northward to Gaza and posing a threat to the Turkish grip on Jerusalem.

By 1917, Jewish residents nearly eradicated
According to Ben-David, “10,000 Jews left Jerusalem in one week. The streets were filled with the exiles who had no carriages and carried their baggage on their own backs. Most of the houses were closed because the inhabitants were dead, or deported, exiled, or in prison. The streets were deserted.  By summer 1917, the city of Jerusalem and its Jewish residents were nearly eradicated. Some 2,700 orphans wandered the streets. The weakened population fell victim to cholera, tuberculosis and typhoid.”

After capturing Beersheba in October, the British forces, supplemented by fighters from Australia and New Zealand, turned toward Jerusalem. The prominent hilltop of Nebi Samuel, just three miles north of Jerusalem, was the scene of a November battle between three British and three Turkish divisions.

The commander of the Turkish and German armies in Palestine, not only refused to send reinforcements, but ordered the retreat of Turkish soldiers so that Jerusalem would not be destroyed. From her own vantage point, here is how ?emdah Ben-Yehuda saw it:

“The English were making a movement whose object was to encircle Jerusalem. The Turks and Germans commanded that the city should be defended and they sent for reinforcements from Damascus. . . . When the reinforcements failed to arrive, the Turks perceived that they would be obliged to evacuate. In great haste, they arrested everyone whom they caught on the streets. . . For the last time on leaving, the hated Turkish soldiers had entered the houses to rob and to spoil, and to carry off everything they could lay hands on.  The women, weeping, prepared the oil for the sacred lights, and even the men wept, saying that this would be the last time they should keep the feast in Jerusalem! They strained their ears to hear the horses’ hoofs and the tread of the [Turkish] soldiers coming to arrest them and drive them forth. The women pressed their children to their breasts crying: ‘They are coming to take us!’

“Then, suddenly, other women came rushing from outside down into the depths, crying: “Hosanna! Hosanna! The English! The English have arrived!” Weeping and shouting for joy, Jews and Christians, trembling and stumbling over one another, emerged and rushed forth from the caverns and holes and underground passages. Pious Jews uttered thanksgivings to the Lord God of Hosts who had wrought deliverance in this great historic day, in the very hour of the beginning of Hanukkah, the Feast of the Miracle of Lights.”

According to historic accounts, there was sporadic fighting in the first days of December, but by December 9 the mayor of Jerusalem formally surrendered, and two days later General Allenby entered the Holy City by foot.

Allenby knew he arrived in Jerusalem on Chanukah
Ben-David told WIN, “Allenby knew that he arrived on the eve of Chanukah. He wrote in his diary that he arrived in Jerusalem 2,600 years after Judah Maccabee. It’s amazing that he understood the role he was playing in emancipating and liberating the Jews of Jerusalem at that time, who were living under terrible conditions. Local Jewish residents heard the battles around them and thought this would be their last Chanukah in Jerusalem and they would soon be dispersed. They heard soldiers outside their homes and thought it was Turkish forces coming to arrest them. Instead it was British soldiers coming to rescue them. It was the ultimate Chanukah miracle.”

An official British military report on the Jerusalem victory likened the 1917 liberation of Jerusalem to the defeat and ouster of the Seleucid Greeks by the Maccabees and the story of Chanukah. Some attribute that report to General Allenby himself. The report states,  “On this same day, 2,082 years before, another race of conquerors, equally detested, were looking their last on the city which they could not hold, and inasmuch as the liberation of Jerusalem in 1917 will probably ameliorate the lot of the Jews more than that of any other community in Palestine, it was fitting that the flight of the Turks should have coincided with the national festival of the Hanukkah, which commemorates the recapture of the Temple from the heathen Seleucids by Judas Maccabæus in 165 B.C.”

Ben-David laments that British rule did not remain positive toward Jewish interests in Israel. “Tragically, such British concern for the Jewish people did not last. Two decades later, in the mid-1930s, the British Mandate government shut the gates of Palestine to European Jews desperate to escape Nazi Germany. But by 1948, with the establishment of Israel, and by 1967, with the victories in the Six Day War, the Jewish People were firmly on the path of national redemption.”
https://worldisraelnews.com/israel-marks-100th-anniversary-of-allenbys-liberation-of-jerusalem/

Israel’s Unknown Heroic Spies of World War I
http://www.aish.com/jw/s/Israels-Unknown-Heroic-Spies-of-World-War-I.html?s=mm
The Aaronsohn siblings founded an espionage ring in Zichron Yaakov to help Britain defeat the Turks.
by Dr. Yvette Alt Miller
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November 11 marks Armistice day, the anniversary of the end of World War I.That bloody conflict drew to a close as Winston Churchill famously described, at 11am, the Eleventh Hour of the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh Month in 1918.

Amid the ceremonies marking this day around the globe, few, if any, will remember the courageous band of Jewish spies who formed the top-secret organization NILI, based in the Israeli town of Zichron Yaakov, who spied for Britain during the War. British intelligence official Baron William Ormsby-Gore said that NILI was “admittedly the most valuable nucleus of our intelligence in Palestine during the war.” A secret letter thanking the NILI network acknowledged that Britain could not have won the War without the aid of the NILI spies.

The heroes who made up NILI are all but forgotten. As we recall World War I a century later, let’s reclaim the legacy of the Jews of NILI and proclaim their decisive contribution to the Allied victory to the world.

Zichron Yaakov: First Flowering of the Desert
The story of the NILI spy ring begins in Zichron Yaakov, a town settled by Jewish immigrants from Romania in 1882. They were part of a group of idealistic Jews who were beginning to buy land in the Land of Israel, then controlled by the Ottoman Empire, and establish Jewish farms and towns. When Romania gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878, it effectively stripped most of its Jews from citizenship and began a system of anti-Semitic persecution. Many Romanian Jews fled to the United States. Others turned to the Land of Israel as a haven.

Life wasn’t easy for these idealistic, young Zionists. Historian Howard M. Sachar writes, “Eaten alive...by flies, periodically robbed of their livestock by Bedouins, the settlers and their families quickly began to wilt under disease, heat, and sheer exhaustion.”

Edmond de Rothschild, the ennobled French Jew who had amassed a fortune in banking, supported the struggling Jewish towns and farms. Zichron Yaakov is named for Edmund de Rothschild’s father, Jacob. (Zichron Yaakov means “memory of Jacob” in Hebrew.)

The Remarkable Aaronsohn Family
A hundred Jewish families moved from Romania to Zichron Yaakov in the 1880s. Among these were Ephraim and Malkah Aaronsohn and their six children.

One of the Aaronsohn’s sons, Aaron, became one of the world’s foremost agronomists. In 1906, he discovered the genetic forebear of wheat and in 1909 he established the Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station, where he experimented with adapting new growth to the arid conditions of the Middle East. A passionate Zionist, he travelled the world, explaining to people how Jewish farmers were transforming the Land of Israel, making the desert bloom.

Aaron was often assisted by his younger sister Sarah, an exceptional woman who spoke Hebrew, Yiddish, Turkish, French, Arabic and English.

Sarah Aaronsohn

In 1914, Sarah married an older man, a Jewish immigrant from Bulgaria, and moved with him to Istanbul. The marriage was an unhappy one, and the following year, as Turkey was in the midst of fighting in World War I alongside Germany, Sarah left her husband and travelled home by train to Zichron Yaakov.

The sights that Sarah saw from her train carriage as it moved through the Ottoman countryside horrified her. Ottoman Turks were in the midst of conducting what would be known as the Armenian Genocide, which saw the murder of one million men, women and children during World War I. Sarah later described seeing hundreds of bodies being loaded onto trains, and witnessing the brutal murder of up to 5,000 Armenians, whose bodies were then piled in a pyramid with kindling, and set on fire.

Aaron Aaronsohn
The Ottoman Turks who administered the Land of Israel made no secret of their hatred of Jews, and Sarah feared that the genocide she’d witnessed against the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire would next be directed against Jews if the Ottomans won the war. When she returned to Zichron Yaakov, she was determined to do all she could to aid Great Britain, which was fighting Ottoman Forces across the Middle East.

A World at War
With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the Ottoman Empire had joined with the Central Powers – Germany and Austria – to fight the allies, led by Britain and France. The Jews living in the Land of Israel, which was then under Ottoman rule, found themselves the target of anti-Semitism. The Ottoman Empire ruled that Jews and Christians must be drafted to fight – or else pay ruinous taxes to be exempted from military service.

In 1914, Sultan Mehmed V announced that that the Ottoman Empire was joining the Great War – and also declared that this was a jihad, a religious war against non-Muslims as well. As historian Eugene Rogan recounts, “On 14 November ... the call for holy war (was) read out in public to a large crowd gathered outside the Mosque of Mehmed the Conqueror in the sultan’s name. The crowd roared its support.”

Inside the Jewish settlements, panic ensued. Were the Jews, like the Ottoman Empire’s Armenians and other minorities, going to become target of hate and violence?

The God of Israel Does Not Lie
The Aaronsohns decided to do what they could to support Britain in the war against the Turkish Ottomans. They founded a secret group, aided by their brother-in-law Avshalom Feinberg and close friend Joseph Lishansky. About 40 other young Jews joined the group, which was dubbed NILI, an acronym for the Biblical phrase Netzah Yisrael Lo Yeshaker, The Eternal One of Israel does not lie (Samuel I 15:29).

Sarah Aaronsohn and Avshalom Feinberg, 1916

NILI wanted to help Britain invade the Land of Israel from their bases in Egypt, but at first British forces rebuffed NILI’s top-secret overtures. Finally, in late 1916, Aaron Aaronsohn managed to cross Turkish lines and traversed the Sinai Peninsula to reach Cairo, and convince British forces there to trust the Jewish spy ring.

Sarah took over leadership of NILI. Together, the spies of NILI gathered intelligence on Turkish troop movements, fortifications, railroads, water locations, troop movements, and weather patterns. Sarah encoded messages and communicated with British headquarters by sending secret codes to the British warship Managam anchored off the coast of Palestine every two weeks. At first, the NILI spies used light signals to convey information to the ship.

When British troops stopped sending the frigate to pick up NILI’s messages, the Jewish spies used homing pigeons, sending Britain’s General Edmund Allenby valuable information that would enable him to traverse the Negev Desert and attack Turkish troops in Beersheva.

NILI also received funds from supporters in America and helped distribute money to the Jews in Ottoman-controlled Israel who were near starvation due to Turkish anti-Semitic policies and ruinous taxes on the Jewish community. The Ottoman forces had no idea that Sarah was leading the Middle East’s largest spy ring.

Torture and Death
In September 1917, one of NILI’s homing pigeons landed on a house belonging to the Turkish governor of Caesarea. Ottoman officials found the message the bird carried and decoded it, realizing that a large pro-British spying ring was operating with impunity somewhere in northern Israel. They made finding the spy ring’s members and leaders their priority.

One by one, Ottoman forces rounded up members of the NILI spy ring, using torture to extract information about other members. Finally, on October 1, 1917, Sarah Aaronsohn was arrested and taken to a makeshift Turkish prison in Zichron Yaakov. For several days, she watched her father being tortured. Then she was brutally tortured herself. Drawing on near-superhuman reserves of strength, Sarah refused to divulge information about NILI. Instead, she taunted her captors, assuring them they would lose the war and be punished for their oppression of Jews and their massacre of Armenians.

Betar Jewish youth movement salutes at Sarah Aaronsohn’s grave in Zichron Yaakov, circa 1942

After nearly a week of agony, Sarah was informed that she would be transferred to prison in Damascus where she would face even greater torture. She asked if she could be allowed to visit her family home one last time to bathe and change her clothes. Early one morning, as most of Zichron Yaakov slept, Sarah was led down the town’s main street to her family home, which stood abandoned, its inhabitants imprisoned. As Sarah walked, she sang a song about a little bird that flies away. This was no innocent tune; it was her final signal to her surviving NILI comrades that the ring was broken and they were to cease any further activity in order to save themselves.

Once in the house, Sarah opened a secret compartment in a wall and retrieved a hidden handgun. Concealing the gun in the folds of her dress, she entered the bathroom and turned on the water. She scribbled a hasty note, tossed it out of the window and then shot herself in the mouth. Instead of dying instantly, she lingered for three excruciating days before passing away on October 10, 1917.

Marching Into Jerusalem
On December 11, 1918, British troops entered Jerusalem. One year earlier, Britain had issued the landmark Balfour Declaration, throwing its support behind the establishment of a Jewish state in the ancient Land of Israel.

Ten months later, after brutal fighting, the Ottoman Turks finally surrendered to Britain near Megiddo, ending 400 years of Ottoman rule over the Land of Israel.

The Aaronsohn House in Zichron Yaakov

Today, Baron William Ormsby-Gore’s letter acknowledging that Britain could not have won without the aid of the NILI spies and other artifacts are held in a small museum commemorating NILI spies in Zichron Yaakov. Also there is the last letter that Sarah Aaronsohn wrote, moments before she shot herself. In it, she asks us to “describe all our suffering to those who shall come after we have passed away, and tell them about our martyrdom and let them know that Sarah has asked that each drop of blood be avenged….”

As we commemorate the Allies' victory in World War I nearly a century ago, let’s heed her words and restore the name of the valiant NILI spy ring to our memories of the Great War.

For more information, read Spies in Palestine: Love, Betrayal and the Heroic Life of Sarah Aaronsohn, by James Strodes.

NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN ISRAEL
Strange things are happening at the Volcani Center. Potatoes sprayed with spearmint oil are not sprouting for months, Granny Smith apples deprived of oxygen stay fresh for over a year, and cows are eating less grain and producing more milk.

These are just a few projects at the Agricultural Research Organization, the research arm of Israel’s Ministry of Agriculture which houses six separate research institutes.

“We don’t have a lot of land here in Israel and 60 percent of it is desert,” Ada Rafaeli, the Associate Director for International Cooperation and Academic Affairs, told The Media Line. “But we can provide know-how and innovation for the rest of the world.”

Some Israeli innovations, like drip irrigation, which conserves water, are well known. But others, like colored netting draped over plants to increase yields, or especially-sweet seedless tangerines marketed in Europe are less known. The Institute is also focused on improving productivity and yields.

“In 1955, one Israeli farmer could feed 15 people, while in 2007, that same farmer could feed 100 people,” she said. “Israel is subsistent in vegetables and fruits but we still need to import grain so we’re developing special varieties of grain that are only for animal feed or that contain more protein.”... To read the rest of this fascinating article please click the following link.... http://www.bridgesforpeace.com/…/new-agricultural-research…/

http://www.aish.com/jw/s/Alexander-Hamilton-and-the-Jews.html?s=mm
Alexander Hamilton and the Jews
The surprising and extensive connections the Founding Father had with the Jews.
by Dr. Yvette Alt Miller
Fans of the hit musical Hamilton have something to celebrate: America’s Library of Congress has announced they are putting hundreds of Hamilton’s letters and other documents online.
Those of us who are curious about America’s Founding Father and the first Secretary of the US Treasury can now learn more about Alexander Hamilton. One surprise might be Hamilton’s extensive Jewish connections.

“An isle in the Caribbean”
I
n the musical Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton sings that he was “Born in an isle in the Caribbean / I knew I was poor.” The isle in question was Nevis, a British possession then known for its sugar, tea and cocoa plantations and its slave trade. Britain used the island as a dumping ground for criminals, sending shiploads of pickpockets, homeless people, thieves and others from the margins of British society to the tropical island. But Nevis also was home to a thriving Jewish population, most of who fled the Inquisition in Portugal to Brazil, then moved to the Caribbean when the Inquisition terrorized Brazil.

The earliest record of Jewish residents is a muster roll from 1678, listing eight people as “Jewes”. By the late 1670s, 17 Jewish families called Nevis home. They built a synagogue and bought and consecrated a Jewish cemetery. By the time Alexander Hamilton was born in the 1750s (the exact date of his birth is disputed), fully one quarter of the white population of the island’s capital, Charlestown, was Jewish

Nevis Jewish cemetery

In later years, Nevis’ one-time Jewish community was forgotten. That changed in 1957, when an American Jewish historian named Malcolm Stern and his wife took a cruise that stopped in Nevis and he located an old Jewish cemetery, now an overgrown field where goats grazed. Tipped off by locals that Jews had once used the field as a burial site, Stern located 16 Hebrew epitaphs before returning to his ship and later writing about Nevis’ lost Jewish community.
“Founding father without a father”
Much criticism was levelled at Alexander Hamilton during his lifetime for being illegitimate. Though he took the name of his father, the Scottish nobleman and ne’er-do-well James Hamilton, Alexander’s mother was in fact married to a man named Johann Michael Lavien. Historian Ron Chernow (whose 2004 biography Alexander Hamilton inspired the musical Hamilton) notes that divorce was almost impossible to procure in the West Indies in the 1700s and although Alexander Hamilton’s mother left her husband and presented herself to the world as Mrs. James Hamilton, her first husband continued to bedevil the family.

Alexander Hamilton

Chernow also posits that Lavien might have been Jewish. Indeed, when Alexander Hamilton wrote of his mother’s husband, he called him Levine, a Jewish name. Chernow notes “The name Lavien can be a Sephardic variant of Levine, but if he (Johann Lavien) was Jewish he managed to conceal his origins. Had he presented himself as a "Jew" mainstream Christian society would not have accepted him.

“Get your education, don’t forget from whence you came.”

Nevis’ Christian schools refused to educate the young Alexander Hamilton. Thirsty for knowledge, Hamilton’s mother turned to a local Jewish school to teach her brilliant son. The future founding father learned about Judaism and even learned to speak some Hebrew.

Hamilton learned about Judaism and even learned to speak some Hebrew.
Hamilton’s son later explained of his father “rarely as he alluded to his personal history, he mentioned with a smile his having been taught to repeat the Decalogue in Hebrew, at the school of a Jewess, when so small that he was placed standing by her side upon a table.”

“Now how’re you gonna get your debt plan through?”

As the country’s first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton proposed a bold plan for the new federal government to pay all state debts incurred during the Revolutionary War at full value. This enhanced the prestige of the fledgling central government but was wildly expensive. To fund his debt plan, Hamilton’s Treasury issued securities bonds, as well as a host of other financial innovations.
Hamilton’s plan was risky and it brought special ire from anti-Semites. In their book The Presidents of the United States and the Jews, David G. Dalin and Alfred J. Kolatch note that Hamilton “was attacked for having Jewish moneylending interests at heart” at the time.

“I finished up my studies and I practiced law.”

After the Revolutionary War, Alexander Hamilton practiced law in New York. Although there was a Jewish community in New York at the time, Jews were marginalized and few in number, and anti-Semitic attitudes were rife. When a witness was disparaged for being Jewish, Alexander Hamilton passionately asked his opposing counsel: “Why distrust the evidence of the Jews?” It was a bold question and an unusual position to take at the time.
“They’ll be safe in the nation we’ve made.”
Alexander Hamilton was clear in his admiration for Jews and his recognition that the survival of the Jewish people against all odds was a sign of something extraordinary. In notes that he left on the “progress of the Jews”, Hamilton mused on the extraordinary fact of Jewish survival.

“From their earliest history to the present time (Jewish survival for millennia against all odds) has been and is, entirely, out of the ordinary course of human affairs” Hamilton wrote. “Is it not then a fair conclusion that the cause also is an extraordinary one - in other words that it is the effect of some great providential plan? The man who will draw this Conclusion will look for the solution in the Bible. He who will not draw it ought to give us another fair solution.”

Hamilton’s high esteem for Jews and his strong belief in human rights, helped ensure that the new United States was a place where many different peoples including Jews, could dwell in relative security and dignity

'Miraculous' Discovery of Early Christian-Era Mosaic in Jerusalem [PHOTOS]
By Tazpit Press Service August 24, 2017 , 8:30 am
“Call to Me, and I will answer you, And I will tell you wondrous things, Secrets you have not known.” Jeremiah 32:3 (The Israel Bible™)
image: https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/mosaic.jpg
Greek inscription unearthed near Damascus Gate in Jerusalem (Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority)
Archaeologists announced Wednesday that they have unearthed a Greek inscription mentioning the Byzantine emperor Justinian on a mosaic floor near the Damascus Gate, in the Old City of Jerusalem.
The 1,500 year old mosaic was discovered earlier this summer following groundwork to lay cable infrastructure in the area. Given the proximity to the Damascus Gate, historically the main entrance to Jerusalem from the north, archaeologists said the floor was probably used as a hostel for pilgrims.
image: https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/P6190099-768x1024.jpg
The mosaic floor in situ by the Damascus Gate. (Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority)
“The Damascus Gate served for hundreds of years as the main northern entrance to Jerusalem. Knowing that, it is no surprise that this area is rich with archaeological remains. In the Byzantine period, with the emergence of Christianity, churches, monasteries and hostels for pilgrims were built in the area north of the gate, and the area became one of the most important and active areas of the city,” said David Gellman, who directed the excavation on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).
Gellman added that although ancient artifacts are common in the area, the new discovery is significant because it is almost completely intact.
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Archaeologists work on uncovering the mosaic. (Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority)
“The fact that the inscription survived is an archaeological miracle,” he said. “The excavation in a relatively small area, exposed ancient remains that were severely damaged by infrastructure groundwork over the last few decades. We were about to close the excavation, when all of a sudden, a corner of the mosaic inscription peeked out between the pipes and cables. Amazingly, it had not been damaged.
“Every archaeologist dreams of finding an inscription in their excavations, especially one so well preserved and almost entirely intact,” Gellman concluded.
image: https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/city-of-dacvid.png
According to Dr. Leah Di Segni, an expert on ancient Greek at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem who deciphered the inscription, the text mentions the Byzantine emperor Flavius Justinian as well as the well-known priest Constantine. She said the inscription reads, “in the time of our most pious emperor Flavius Justinian, also this entire building Constantine the most God-loving priest and abbot, established and raised, in the 14th indiction.”

‘Indiction’ is an ancient method of counting years for taxation purposes, Di Segni said. Based on historical sources, she added that the mosaic can be dated to the year 550/551 CE.

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A tracing of the inscription. (Courtesy Israel Antiquities Authority)
The two people mentioned in the inscription, Justinian and Constantine, are well known from both ancient historical sources and archaeological finds. The IAA said in a release that the emperor Flavius Justinian ruled the Roman empire at its height and oversaw its conversion to Christianity, eventually building a large church dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

The structure, built in the 543 CE and known as the Nea Church, was the largest church built in Jerusalem and one of the largest in the entire empire. The abbot of the church was Constantine, whose name appears in the inscription revealed Wednesday. Remains of the Nea Church were partially unearthed in 1970 during a rash of excavations in the Old City following the Six Day War three years earlier.
“This new inscription helps us understand Justinian’s building projects in Jerusalem, especially the Nea Church. The rare combination of archaeological finds and historical sources, woven together, is incredible to witness, and they throw important light on Jerusalem’s past, Di Segni added.
IAA officials said the inscription was removed from its site by conservation experts and is being treated in the IAA’s mosaic workshop in Jerusalem.
Read more at https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/93700/byzantine-emperor-justinian-mosaic-uncovered-jerusalem/#IhUsbCRMqBdEEwBa.99

Discovery of Mass Grave of Egyptian Child Slaves Unmistakably Echoes Israelite Exodus
By Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz June 12, 2017 , 1:30 pm
“And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: ‘Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.’” Exodus 1:22 (The Israel Bible™)

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The arms and torso of a juvenile skeleton from the North Tombs Cemetery. (Facebook Page, Mary Shepperson)
An archaeologist in Egypt has discovered a cemetery full of child slaves from the time of the pharaohs, a chilling find which echoes the Biblical account describing the difficulties the Hebrews suffered in Egypt. That finding, and several others, connect an famous pharaoh and his city to the Biblical narrative describing the Hebrews’ pre-Exodus experience in Egypt.

Archaeologist Mary Shepperson uncovered something entirely unexpected at the archaeological dig at Amarna in Upper Egypt. After studying the cemetery at the southern end of the ancient ruined city with expected results, she moved to a separate burial site at the northern end. What she found at the new site shocked her: narrow graves containing multiple bodies, buried with little ceremony or care. Altogether, 105 sets of remains were found. But the most shocking discovery was that all of the remains belonged to young people whose bones showed signs of brutal labor and neglect.

The haphazard disposal of the bodies, 90 percent of whom belonged to youths between the ages of 7 and 25 at time of death, pointed clearly to the conclusion that the children had not been buried – or cared for – by their families, which led Shepperson to conclude that the children were likely slaves.

“Family was very important in ancient Egypt and it was the responsibility of relatives to see that dead family members were properly provided for in the afterlife,” explained Shepperson in a report on her findings in the Guardian. “This strongly suggests that they were not returned to their families for burial but lived and died away from the care of relatives…The children seem to have been removed from their families with little intention of them being returned.”

While no DNA evidence has determined their nationality, Professor Shepperson’s hypothesis holds similarities to the Biblical account of Pharaoh targeting the children of the Hebrews by tearing them away from their parents.

And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: ‘Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.’ Exodus 1:22

Harry Moskoff, an expert in Biblical archaeology, noted that the Biblical connection was possible despite the differences.

Though the Torah says that newborns were thrown into the Nile, Moskoff explained to Breaking Israel News, “It could be that this was only a metaphor for the children being taken away from their families into brutal slavery, not entirely unusual for the Bible. But it is already one step away from the text,” he admitted.

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Moskoff was intrigued by other points connecting Akhenaten, the pharaoh who built Amarna around 1350 BCE, to the Hebrews. The city was named after the Beni Amran, a tribe that was believed to have lived in the region. The name of the tribe is almost identical to that of Amram, Moses’ father.

Cuneiform tablets found in abundance at Amarna referred to a people called the ‘Apiru’ or ‘Habiru’. Some scholars believe this is a reference to fugitive slaves. The similarity to the word ‘Ivri’ (Hebrew) is noteworthy, leading other other scholars to speculate that among the Hapiru were the original Hebrews, of whom the later Israelites were only one branch.  

“Findings like these have led many archaeologists to search for the historical basis of the Exodus,” noted Moskoff.

Shepperson’s find hints at a connection between the Hebrews and Amarna, but a connection between Akhenaten and the Jews has been suggested by many scholars before this discovery. Akhenaten was known for his radical religious reform, replacing Egypt’s pantheon of gods with a monotheistic worship of a single sun god with no form or image similar to the God of the Hebrews.

Sigmund Freud, the founder of modern psychoanalysis, was convinced the connection between Ahenaten and the Hebrews was reflected in the pharoah’s reform, suggesting in his controversial book Moses and Monotheism that Moses was a follower of Akhenaten and brought Egyptian monotheism to the Hebrews.

Egyptologists reject this Biblical connection with Akhenaten. Central Michigan University Professor Charles F. Pfeiffer wrote in his 1963 book “Tell El-Amarna and the Bible” that most archaeologists place the date of Moses at 1280 BCE, almost one hundred years later than Akhenaten.

However, “There are many different theories about the exact timeline of the Hebrews in Egypt,” as Moskoff argued, citing Tim Mahoney, whose research, described in his book and documentary, Patterns of Evidence, placed the Hebrews in Egypt several hundred years earlier, precisely when Akhenaten ruled.
Read more at https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/89490/eerie-archaeological-find-ancient-mass-grave-child-slaves-mirrors-exodus-story-jews-egypt/#EhycC5ipAlSTBcVF.99

Today in History: The Miraculous Capture of Hebron, 49 Years Later
By Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz June 6, 2016 , 9:30 am
“All these, being men of war who could draw up in battle formation, came to Hebron with a perfect heart to make David king over all Israel; and all the rest also of Israel were of one mind to make David king.” (1 Chronicles 12:38)
image: https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sholom-goren-six-day-war-western-wall-shofar.jpg
Chief Military Rabbi Shlomo Goren at the Western Wall in 1967 shortly after the liberation of Jerusalem. (Photo: Wiki Commons)
Many know the story of Rabbi Shlomo Goren arriving at the Western Wall flanked by IDF troops in the 1967 Six Day War on the 28th of Iyyar in the Hebrew calendar.
The moment, captured in an iconic photos, shows the rabbi holding a Torah scroll and blowing a shofar at the Western Wall surrounded by young soldiers. But few people know the even more astounding story of what happened the day after that photo was taken and how Rabbi Goren single-handedly conquered the holy city of Hebron and the Cave of the Patriarchs, known as the Machpelah Cave.

The war was still raging after the Old City of Jerusalem was conquered by the IDF. Directly after the emotional scene at the Western Wall, Rabbi Goren, a general and the Chief Rabbi of the Israeli army, proceeded to join the forces gathered in the recently recaptured Gush Etzion. The troops were waiting for the morning when they would push on to battle the Jordanian Legion in Hebron.

Rabbi Goren addressed the troops, telling them of the enormous significance of Hebron to the Jews. He lay down to sleep surrounded by Israeli soldiers, telling them to wake him in time to leave for the battle the next day. However, when he awoke a few hours later, he was alone. The troops had moved on without him. He quickly woke up his driver and they set out to catch up with the Israeli forces.

Alone, they drove the short distance into Hebron and were greeted by flags of surrender, white sheets hanging from every window and rooftop. The rabbi didn’t see any Israeli soldiers and assumed they had already conquered the entire city. What the rabbi didn’t know was that he had arrived before the troops. The army had taken a longer route in order to surround the city before entering it. As he drove toward the Cave of the Patriarchs, he was the only Jew, certainly the only Jewish soldier, in a city of 40,000 Arabs.
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When Rabbi Goren arrived at the large iron doors of the Cave of the Patriarchs, he found them locked.  Rabbi Goren shot at them with his Uzi machine gun, trying unsuccessfully to open the doors which had been locked to Jews for 700 years. The bullet holes are still there and can be seen by anyone visiting the site today.

The doors did not open, so he backed his jeep up and attached chains to the doors, pulling them open. Rabbi Goren entered the Machpela, blew the shofar as he had done the day before at the Kotel, set up the Torah scroll, and began to pray.

The Mufti of Hebron sent a messenger to ask Rabbi Goren, as a general of the Israeli army, to accept his surrender. He refused, sending back the answer, ”This place, the Machpelah Cave, is a place of prayer and peace. Surrender elsewhere.”

The first Israeli troops in Hebron were shocked to find an Israeli flag flying from the roof of the Machpelah. The next day, the rabbi received an urgent message from his officer, the Israeli Chief of Staff, Moshe Dayan. He ordered Rabbi Goren to take down the flag, remove the Torah from the premises and to order anyone entering to remove their shoes because the site was a mosque.
Rabbi Goren sent a message back in response: “The Torah is holy – it stays. The flag means to me what it means to you. If you want to remove it, you may, but I will not.”
Dayan sent an officer to remove the flag, but after removing the flag, the officer died in a horrible car accident on his way to report back to Dayan. Dayan then rescinded his orders.
This article was originally published as part of a Hanukkah miracle series.
Read more at https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/55791/hanukkah-miracle-series-rabbi-who-conquered-hebron-single-handedlyjudea-and-samaria/#vmjyzltSF04wRQiv.99

Happy Birthday Israel!
Many people think that today is Israel 69th birthday, but this video proves otherwise!
This is what really makes Israel the most remarkable place on Earth
3,000 years ago, King David established Jerusalem ass the eternal capital of the Jewish people.
http://www.israelvideonetwork.com/this-is-what-really-makes-israel-the-most-remarkable-place-on-earth/
This is what really makes Israel the most remarkable place on Earth
https://unitedwithisrael.org/4000-years/
WATCH: Jerusalem – 4000 Years in 5 Minutes
In just 5 minutes, you are going to experience 4000 years of history in Jerusalem!
In 1967, the seemingly impossible happened. After you watch this video, you'll understand why that's so significant.
Come and experience the fascinating history of Jerusalem from the last 4000 years in just 5 minutes!
From biblical times until the modern day, Jerusalem has remained the most sought after real estate on the planet. The holiest place on earth for the Nation of Israel. The Jews never lost faith in returning to their ancient capital. And finally, in 1967, Jerusalem was once again under Jewish sovereignty.
Take a fascinating 4000 year journey of Jerusalem. In just 5 minutes!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mR2W43t6tI


TheJerusalemCenter
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Jerusalem, a mosaic of different peoples, faiths, and nationalities. Nevertheless, despite this diversity, under the sovereignty of Israel, Jerusalem is a city that works. But has it always been this way?
Israel is What’s Right With the Middle East. This Proves it.

You can talk about it until you’re red. Israel is the only real democracy in the Middle East. It allows freedom to ALL of it’s citizens who belong to all religions, creeds and colors. For some reason, Israel has been painted as an oppressive and horrible country. “Look at what Israel does to the poor Palestinians,” they say. So the picture the Muslim world has painted and the reality of Israel as a democratic (not entirely perfect – but trying) state, just don’t seem to fit. There is no consistency. A democratic state that offers freedom and human rights to Muslims in one area, doesn’t try to opress and kill Muslims in another area. Unless, of course, there’s a reason.
Perhaps the reason is that which Israel mentions. It’s surrounded by countries and terrorist organizations that want to destroy it, by means of terror and military attacks, missiles for instance, and it is DEFENDING itself.

https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/13572/ancient-egyptian-coffins-exposed-israel-photos/#6JyrGJTHdAlGDzG8.97
3,300-Year-Old Ancient Egyptian Coffin Exposed in Israel (Photos)
By Aryeh Savir April 10, 2014 , 10:31 am
“Behold, you are trusting in Egypt, that broken reed of a staff, which will pierce the hand of any man who leans on it. Such is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who trust in him.” (Isaiah 36:6)

image: https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/egypt-coffin-1.jpg
Egyptian Coffin
Parts of the coffin’s lid after an initial cleaning. (Photo: Clara Amit/ IAA)
image: http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/egypt-coffin-1.jpg
Egyptian Coffin
Parts of the coffin’s lid after an initial cleaning. (Photo: Clara Amit/ IAA)
A 3,300 year old Egyptian coffin was exposed by the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) containing the personal belongings of a wealthy Canaanite, possibly an official of the Egyptian Army. Among the items discovered is a gold signet ring bearing the name of the Egyptian Pharaoh Seti I.

The rare artifacts were uncovered during salvage excavations by the Israel Antiquities Authority near Tel Shadud, prior to the installation of a natural gas pipeline to Ramat Gavriel by the Israel Natural Gas Lines Company (INGL), during which the fascinating and exceptional discovery was made.

Part of a burial site dating to the Late Bronze Age (thirteenth century BCE) was exposed in an excavation at the foot of Tel Shadud. According to the excavation directors, Dr. Edwin van den Brink, Dan Kirzner and Dr. Ron Be’eri of the IAA, “During the excavation we discovered a unique and rare find: a cylindrical clay coffin with an anthropoidal lid (a cover fashioned in the image of a person) surrounded by a variety of pottery consisting mainly of storage vessels for food, tableware, cultic vessels and animal bones. As was the custom, it seems these were used as offerings for the gods, and were also meant to provide the dead with sustenance in the afterlife.”

image: http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/5.jpg
The gold scarab. (Photo: Clara Amit/IAA)
The skeleton of an adult was found inside the clay coffin and next to it were buried pottery, a bronze dagger, bronze bowl and hammered pieces of bronze. “Since the vessels interred with the individual were produced locally”, the researchers say, “We assume the deceased was an official of Canaanite origin who was engaged in the service of the Egyptian government”.

Another possibility is that the coffin belonged to a wealthy individual who imitated Egyptian funerary customs. The researchers add that so far only several anthropoidal coffins have been uncovered in the country. The last ones discovered were found at Deir el-Balah some fifty years ago.

image: http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Shop-Passover-600WIDE.jpg
Shop-Passover-600WIDE
According to the archaeologists, “An ordinary person could not afford the purchase of such a coffin. It is obvious the deceased was a member of the local elite”.

The graves of two men and two women who may have been members of his family were also located near the coffin. The discovery of the coffin at Tel Shadud is evidence of Egyptian control of the Jezreel Valley in the Late Bronze Age (thirteenth century BCE). During the period when the pharaohs governed the country, Egyptian culture greatly influenced the local Canaanite upper class.

Signs of Egyptian influence are occasionally discovered in different regions and this time they were revealed at Tel Shadud and in the special tomb of the wealthy Canaanite. A rare artifact that was found next to the skeleton is an Egyptian scarab seal, encased in gold and affixed to a ring. The scarab was used to seal documents and objects.

The name of the crown of Pharaoh Seti I, who ruled ancient Egypt in the thirteenth century BCE, appears on the seal.  Seti I was the father of Ramses II, identified by some scholars as the pharaoh mentioned in the biblical story of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt. Already in the first year of his reign (1294 BCE) a revolt broke out against Seti I in the Bet Shean Valley. Seti conquered that region and established Egyptian rule in Canaan.

image: http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/6.jpg
A picture of the bronze dagger and bowl. (Photo: Clara Amit/IAA)
Seti’s name on the seal symbolizes power and protection, or the strength of the god Ra – the Sun God – one of the most important deities in the Egyptian pantheon. The winged Uraeus (cobra), protector of the pharaoh’s name or of the sovereign himself, is clearly visible on the seal. The reference to the pharaoh Seti on the scarab found in the coffin aided the archaeologists in dating the time of the burial to the thirteenth century BCE – similar to the burials that were exposed at Deir el-Balah and Bet She‘an, which were Egyptian administrative centers.

A cemetery dating to the reign of Seti I was previously discovered at Bet Shean, the center of the Egyptian rule in the Land of Israel, and similar clay coffins were exposed.  Evidence of an Egyptian presence was detected in archaeological surveys conducted in the Jezreel Valley in the past but the discovery of the impressive anthropoid at Tel Shadud surprised the archaeologists.

image: http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/1.jpg
The clay coffin at the time of its discovery in the field. (Photo: Dan Kirzner/ IAA)
Tel Shadud preserves the biblical name ‘Sarid’ and the mound is often referred to as Tel Sarid. The Tell is situated in the northern part of the Jezreel Valley, close to Kibbutz Sarid. The city is mentioned in the Bible in the context of the settlement of the Tribes of Israel. Sarid was included in the territory of the tribe of Zevulun and became a border city, as written in the Book of Joshua

Tel Shadud is strategically and economically significant because of its location alongside important roads from the biblical period.

The Israel Antiquities Authority is currently looking into the possibility of sampling the DNA from inside the coffin to see if the deceased was originally a Canaanite or an Egyptian who was buried in Canaan.

image: http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/3.jpg
A general view of the excavation area. (Photo: Skyview Company/ IAA)

Read more at https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/13572/ancient-egyptian-coffins-exposed-israel-photos/#Ep2GJy4YtyT30oPi.99