Jewish History~ WHO DOES IT BELONG TO

Syrian Orthodox Priest:

Jewish History
https://www.persecution.org/2014/01/13/syrian-orthodox-priest-young-christians-flee-only-the-elderly-will-remain/
Syrian Orthodox Priest: Young Christians Flee, Only the Elderly will Remain
ICC Note: “The exodus from the city is in full swing,” said one of the priests who remains in the northern Syrian city of Qamishli. Qamishli itself has seen relatively limited amounts of fighting, but the violence is just outside the city and many are leaving. Most of those who are going are young people and families with children. This raises serious questions about the future of the church if the young people never return.
01/13/2014 Syria (Fides) – “The exodus from the city is in full swing. Every day individuals and families in our community flee, especially young people, who are our hope and our future”. This is how the Syrian Orthodox priest Yousef Abdulmasih describes the situation of the Christian community in Qamishli, in the northeastern Syrian province of Jazira.
“Our Town”, continued the priest in the report sent to Fides Agency “will become a city of old people”. The families of students are faced with the dilemma of having to send their children abroad if they wish to continue to study. And in this situation – said Fr. Youssef – the pressures and demands addressed to the leaders of the ecclesial community increase: “Many look at the Church as the only way of salvation able to solve the problems suffered by the people.
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https://www.fides.org/en/news/35024-ASIA_SYRIA_Syrian_Orthodox_Priest_young_Christians_flee_Only_the_elderly_will_remain_in_the_city#.UtP-gPRDvh4
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Monday, 13 January 2014
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Qamishli (Agenzia Fides ) - "The exodus from the city is in full swing. Every day individuals and families in our community flee, especially young people, who are our hope and our future". This is how the Syrian Orthodox priest Yousef Abdulmasih describes the situation of the Christian community in Qamishli, in the northeastern Syrian province of Jazira . "Our Town", continued the priest in the report sent to Fides Agency "will become a city of old people". The families of students are faced with the dilemma of having to send their children abroad if they wish to continue to study. And in this situation - said Fr. Youssef - the pressures and demands addressed to the leaders of the ecclesial community increase: "Many look at the Church as the only way of salvation able to solve the problems suffered by the people. Some wait. Others criticize. Some make accusations and malicious attacks. Everyone wants this suffering to end". (GV) (Agenzia Fides 13/01/2014)


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THE SEARCH FOR KING DAVID’S TOMB
AVI ABRAMS
Is King David really buried on Mount Zion? The debate goes back as far as Talmudic times.
If you ask any tourist who has visited Jerusalem’s Old City, “Where is the Tomb of David located?” they’ll tell you, “On Mount Zion, on the ground floor underneath the Last Supper Room.” After all, it’s in all the guide books. The site is located just outside the boundaries of the Old City near Zion Gate, one of the seven entranceways into the ancient town.

But scholars and archaeologists throughout the ages have pondered if the current site of David’s Tomb is, in fact, the true location of where the Jewish king was buried some 3000 years ago.

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This is not just a question of modern archaeology but a debate that goes back as far as Talmudic times.

The entrance to the Tomb of David

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The Bible records the burial of King David as follows: “And David slept with his fathers and was buried in the City of David” (Kings I, 2:10). The implication is that David was buried in the City of David, not Mount Zion, and therefore the current location for David’s Tomb cannot possibly be where the Biblical king was actually buried.


Both sites, the City of David and the Tomb of David on Mount Zion, are located relatively close to each other, a distance of about 2500 feet. The City of David, however, is a ridge on a much lower elevation near the Kidron Valley, whereas Mount Zion is located on one of the higher points of the ancient town. They’re both technically outside the current walls of the Old City that were last rebuilt by the Ottoman Turks in the 16th century, but in earlier historical periods, both areas were included within the boundaries of Jerusalem.

However, during King David’s lifetime, Jerusalem exclusively consisted of the City of David. Mount Zion, where David’s tomb is currently located, would have been outside the walls of the city at this time.

Zion Gate

On the one hand, it does make sense that David’s tomb would have been immediately outside Jerusalem and not inside the city itself. During this time period (the Iron Age), cities were the sizes of small neighborhoods by our standards. Only royalty, noblemen, administrators, and tax collectors lived in the cities. Space would have been extremely limited. The land mass of the City of David for example is only about 12 acres. There wouldn’t be much room for tombs. Burial outside the city would have been much more logical.

If that’s the case, why does the Bible specifically write that he was buried inside the city?

Another problem with David being buried inside the city is regarding ritual impurity. In Judaism, dead bodies impart ritual impurity. In ancient Jewish towns, we typically find graves outside the confines of the city to avoid physical contact with the source of impurity.

The Tomb of David on Mount Zion

In Jerusalem for example, tombs of historical figures can be found in the hills surrounding the Old City. The Talmud therefore asks the question how could David have been buried inside the city under these circumstances?

Rabbi Akiva claims a tunnel was constructed from David’s tomb in Jerusalem to the Kidron Valley that extracted the impurity from the king’s tomb. This piece of information actually gives us a clue as to the tomb’s location.

Mount Zion is too far away from the Kidron valley. Such a tunnel would have to slope down the hill into the Tyropean Valley and cut through the width of the City of David and out into the Kidron Valley. But if the tomb was in fact located in the City of David, only a very short tunnel would be needed, as the City of David overlooks the Kidron Valley.

Antique photograph of the Tomb of David

Given the Biblical and Talmud data, a French archaeologist by the name of Raymond Weill led excavations in the City of David in search of David’s historical resting place in the years leading up to World War I. His research did unveil nine burial caves in the southern portion of the City of David, which he felt could be good candidates, but it turns out they date to the Second Temple period based on Greek inscriptions found there. No tomb or any material evidence from the period of King David was ever discovered at the site.

If the City of David did not yield the expected results, only one option remained and that was to excavate the Mount Zion site itself.

Inside the Tomb of David

One of the few Israeli archaeologists who excavated under the Tomb of David on Mount Zion was Dr. Gabi Barkai. Below the sarcophagus, which was built in the Crusader period for symbolic reasons, a staircase was discovered that leads to a secret passageway. Following the tunnel brings you into an ancient burial cave, which was excavated by Dr. Barkai. Based on pottery finds, he was able to date the cave to the First Temple period.

While Dr. Barkai accepts the Biblical narrative as the City of David being the true burial place of King David, he claims the Mount Zion tomb may be associated with Biblical Judean kings from Menashe onwards. Being a rebellious king who embraced idol worship and burned Torah scrolls, it’s possible that the Jewish religious leadership denied him burial near David’s tomb. It is interesting to note that by Menashe’s time, the boundaries of Jerusalem had expanded to the area of Mount Zion. From his generation onwards, the Bible records the Judean kings as being buried in a place called Gan Uzzah, not the City of David. It’s possible that the tomb we typically associate with King David may actually be that of the last Biblical kings of the Davidic dynasty, but not David himself.

Archeological site in the City of David

I’m no archaeologist, but if you ask my opinion as a tour guide, I would say something rather unconventional, but perhaps a resolution to this mystery. In the City of David, we can clearly see the ancient wall of Jerusalem from the Biblical period, but only on the eastern side facing the Kidron Valley. We have never found a wall dating to Biblical times on the western side of the City of David facing Mount Zion. Furthermore, we have never done extensive archaeological excavations on Mount Zion itself. For that reason, perhaps our assumption that the City of David was limited to the ridge was incorrect and perhaps it did in fact extend to Mount Zion even during the lifetime of King David.

If that’s the case, then what we call Mount Zion today may have been a part of what the Bible calls the City of David. This would mean the traditional site of David’s tomb could in fact be where he was buried after all.

Inside the Tomb of David

In any case, the Tomb of David is a great place to visit on your next tour of Jerusalem. More important than where exactly he died is how he lived. You can read the story of King David in the Book of Samuel and read his personal prayers in the Book of Psalms.

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later history then ANCIENT
Robert McShane, Church of Scotland 1839 Restoration of the Jews to their promised land. Lord Shaftsbury 1840 and Lord Parmeston British Foreign Sec, step fatherinlaw already been chosen of God to do homage to the restoration and their rights. Calman born a Jew in Rushia and keen on Jewish settlement in palestine, Herasmas Scot Calman hebrew jewish Christian.
Lamentations 1 and 2
Micah3:12
********In Bible times, the area now known as Israel was called the land of Canaan.
In Genesis chapter 12 God commanded Abraham (a.k.a. Abram) to move to Canaan. Abraham was then living in Ur of the Chaldeans. Ur was located in what today is southern Iraq.
In a Covenant, God GAVE Abraham the land of Canaan.
Now the Lord had said to Abram: "Get out of your country, from your family and from your father's house, to a land that I will show you. Gen 12.1
So Abram departed as the Lord had spoken to him... So they came to the land of Canaan. Gen 12.4a, 12.5d

The Bible defines Canaan's southern border as "the river of Egypt." This is NOT the Nile River, but the Wadi el Arish, located in Egypt's Northeastern region.
The Northern border of Canaan is defined as the River Euphrates.
The Bible later gives a more precise definition of Canaan's borders. It is covered below in detail.

Israel in Early Times - According to Hebrew tradition, 12 tribes entered Cana'an from Egypt and conquered it, led by Moses. Historical evidence from the Amarna tables suggests that there were already 'apiru' (probably Hebrews) in Canaanites in the time of Egyptian rule, some possibly with names such as "yakubu-el" (Jacob). The biblical account allots different parts of the land to the twelve tribes as shown in the maps. Soon after, a kingdom was established, first under Saul and then under David. The right-hand map shows the borders of the kingdom of David (about 1000 B.C.E. ) and other nations. The maps are necessarily conjectures based on biblical narrative and supporting archeology.
Israel’s Formation as a Nation:
The Interpretative Approaches

Archaeological and other social science disciplines have attempted to identify the origin of the Israelites once they settled in Canaan.1 This has resulted in a number of theories, which can be broadly grouped into two categories, according to whether or not the Israelites originally came from outside Canaan or from within Canaan. According to [[the Conquest and Peaceful Infiltration theories]], they came from outside Canaan. According to [[the Peasant Revolt and Pastoral Canaanites theories]], they came from within Canaan.

The land known as Canaan was situated in the territory of the southern Levant, which today encompasses Israel, the West Bank and Gaza, Jordan, and the southern portions of Syria and Lebanon. Throughout time, many names have been given to this area including Palestine, Eretz-Israel, Bilad es-Shem, the Holy Land and Djahy. The earliest known name for this area was "Canaan."

The inhabitants of Canaan were never ethnically or politically unified as a single nation. They did, however, share sufficient similarities in language and culture to be described together as "Canaanites."

Israel refers to both a people within Canaan and later to the political entity formed by those people. To the authors of the Bible, Canaan is the land which the tribes of Israel conquered after an Exodus from Egypt and the Canaanites are the people they disposed from this land. The Old Testament of the Bible (also known as Tanak) is principally concerned with the religious history of Israel in Canaan.

In addition to the stories of the Bible, archaeology has provided us with another perspective for viewing the cultures of Canaan and Ancient Israel. This perspective is built upon the social and historical context of the material remains which these peoples have left behind. Through studying these remains, we may better understand the cultures of the ancient Canaanites and Israelites.


Bible study Israel.
Sons of Ham Canaan
Genesis 10:6 The sons of Ham: Cush, Egypt, Put, and Canaan. (RSV)
15And Canaan begat Sidon his first born, and Heth,
The Canaanites
The Jewish historian Josephus wrote the following concerning Canaan and his sons:

Canaan, the fourth son of Ham, inhabited the country now called Judea, and called it from his own name Canaan.

The sons of Canaan were these: Sidonius, who also built a city of the same name; it is called by the Greeks Sidon; Amathus inhabited in Amathine, which is even now called Amathe by the inhabitants, although the Macedonians named it Epiphania, from one of his posterity: Arudeus possessed the island Aradus: Arucas possessed Arce, which is in Libanus. But for the seven others, [Eueus,] Chetteus, Jebuseus, Amorreus, Gergesus, Eudeus, Sineus, Samareus, we have nothing in the sacred books but their names, for the Hebrews overthrew their cities; and their calamities came upon them on the occasion following. (Antiq. Jews, I, vi, 2)

In Numbers 13:29 the Canaanites are described as dwelling "by the sea, and along by the side of the Jordan," i.e. in the lowlands of Palestine. The name was confined to the country West of the Jordan (Num. 33:51; Josh. 22:9), and was especially applied to Phoenicia (Isa. 23:11) …
The MSE further indicates (under the heading, “?CANAANITES”) the languages were the same from the fact that Abram and Jacob, shortly after their entrance to the country, seem able to hold converse with them, and also that the names of Canaanite persons and places which we possess are translatable into Hebrew. Such are Melchizedek, Hamor, Shechem, Sisera, Ephrath, and also a great number of the names of places. (See also their reference to Gesenius, Hebr. Spr., pp. 223-225.)

The apocryphal Book of Jasher, chapter 10, gives additional details on the descendants of Canaan.



24 And the children of Canaan also built themselves cities, and they called their cities after their names, eleven cities and others without number. 25 And four men from the family of Ham went to the land of the plain; these are the names of the four men, Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboyim. 26 And these men built themselves four cities in the land of the plain, and they called the names of their cities after their own names. 27 And they and their children and all belonging to them dwelt in those cities, and they were fruitful and multiplied greatly and dwelt peaceably. 28 And Seir the son of Hur, son of Hivi, son of Canaan, went and found a valley opposite to Mount Paran, and he built a city there, and he and his seven sons and his household dwelt there, and he called the city which he built Seir, according to his name; that is the land of Seir unto this day.

Sidon
The name of Canaan’s first-born son, Sidon or Zidon
Today it is the third largest city in Lebanon and is located on the Mediterranean coast about 25 miles north of Tyre.
Sidon is mentioned several times in the New Testament. Christ prophesied that in the Last Days, Jerusalem will suffer more than the city of Sidon did during its destruction (Mat. 11:21-22). In Luke 4:26, we see Christ visiting a Sidonian woman in the town of Sarepta.
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WIKIPEDIA
Canaan (Phoenician: or ????????, Kana?n; Hebrew: ???????? K?ná?an; Arabic: ????? Kan?an) is an ancient term for a region encompassing modern-day Israel, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories and adjoining coastal lands, including parts of Jordan, Syria and northeastern Egypt. In the Hebrew Bible, the "Land of Canaan" extends from Lebanon southward across Gaza to the "Brook of Egypt" and eastward to the Jordan River Valley. In far ancient times, the southern area included various ethnic groups. The Amarna Letters found in Ancient Egypt mention Canaan (Akkadian: Kina??u) in connection with Gaza and other cities along the Phoenician coast and into Upper Galilee. Many earlier Egyptian sources also mention numerous military campaigns conducted in Ka-na-na, just inside Asia.

Various Canaanite sites have been excavated by archaeologists. Canaanites spoke Canaanite languages, closely related to other West Semitic languages. Canaanites are mentioned in the Bible, Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian texts. Although the residents of ancient Ugarit in modern Syria do not seem to have considered themselves Canaanite, and did not speak a Canaanite language (but one that was closely related, the Ugaritic language), archaeologists have considered the site, which was rediscovered in 1928, as quintessentially Canaanite.[1] Much of the modern knowledge about the Canaanites stems from excavation in this area.
Canaanite culture apparently developed in situ from the Circum-Arabian Nomadic Pastoral Complex, which in turn developed from a fusion of Harifian hunter gatherers with Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) farming cultures, practicing animal domestication, during the 6,200 BC
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Canaan
Canaan is an ancient term for the country roughly corresponding to what was later historically known as Palestine, Eretz Yisrael, or the Holy Land,

Biblical Canaanites
In the Bible Canaan was the brother of the Afroasiatic Kush, Punt and Mizraim. The Canaanites are initially identified as divided into eleven tribes or areas: Sidon; Hittites; Jebusites; Amorites; Girgasites; Hivites;
Most often it is applied comprehensively to the population of the entire west Jordan River land and its pre-Israelitish inhabitants. This usage is characteristic of the writer called the Yahwist (J); see e.g. Gen. 12:5, 33:18; Ex. 15:15; Num. 33:51; Josh. 22:9; Judg. 3:1; Ps. 106:38, and elsewhere.


Phoenician Canaan
Augustine tells us, that one of the usages the Phoenicians termed their territories was "Canaan." This is confirmed by coins of the city of Laodicea by the Lebanon, which bear the legend, "Of Laodicea, a metropolis in Canaan"; these coins are dated under Antiochus IV (175 - 164 BC), and his successors, Greek writers, too, tell us a fact of much interest, viz, that the original name of Phoenicia was Kèna, a short, collateral form of Kenaan or Kanan.
Canaan - Definition
During the 2nd millennium BC the name was used for a province of the .... na," and Rameses III to have built a temple to the god Amen in "the Ka-n-? ... in the tenth chapter of Genesis, "Canaan" is included among the four sons of Ham. ... Next, as to the extra-Biblical evidence. In the Egyptian inscriptions and in ...

Josephus does not give the full extent of the area, as they inhabited what became known as Palestine and the surrounding areas including what became Judea and Galilee and Lebanon and into Syria. The Philistines in Gaza were not sons of Canaan, however. They were sons of Mizraim who was a large element of E3b. The current Lebanese in Tyre are K2, which is not a Canaanite lineage. It is Javanite of the Mediterranean Islands including Malta.
Canaan is a most important historical character and features prominently in the Bible. Understanding who his descendants are is important for an understanding of modern nations and the unfolding of Bible prophecy.

1451 BC After the death of Moses Thye Lord commands Joshua to cross the river Jordan into the land I am about to give them to the Israelites I will give you every place where you set your foot as I promised Moses.Joshua 1.1
1 Moses was the Lord's servant. Joshua son of Nun was Moses' helper. After Moses died, the Lord spoke to Joshua. The Lord said, 2 "My servant Moses is dead. Now you and these people must go across the Jordan River. You must go into the land I am giving to you, the people of Israel. 3 I promised Moses that I would give you this land. So, I will give you that land wherever you go. 4 All the land of the Hittite people, from the desert and Lebanon all the way to the Great River (that is, the Euphrates River) will be yours. And all the land from here to the Mediterranean Sea in the west (that is, the place where the sun sets) will be within your borders. 5 I will be with you the same as I was with Moses. No person will be able to stop you all your life. I will not abandon you. I will never leave you. 6 "Joshua, you must be strong and brave! You must lead these people so they can take their land. I promised their fathers that I would give them this land. 7 But you must also be strong and brave about another thing. You must be sure to obey the commands my servant Moses gave you. If you follow his teachings exactly, then you will be successful in everything you do. 8 Always remember the things written in that book of law. Study that book day and night. Then you can be sure to obey the things that are written there. If you do this, then you will be wise and successful in everything you do. 9 Remember, I commanded you to be strong and brave. So don't be scared, because the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go."